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Above the meristem, the rest of the root is covered with a single layer of what type of cells, which may have root hairs?


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What were the first plants to evolve?


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What term describes the distance between two corresponding points on adjacent waves?


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What break down dead organisms and other organic waste and release inorganic molecules back to the environment called?


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The variety of cell shapes seen in prokaryotes and eukaryotes reflects the functions that each what has?


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What is the science of classifying living things called?


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Illustrating how form follows function, long, slender protein strands that make up what tissue are essential for contracting and relaxing?


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What makes marginal lands unsuitable for farming?


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What happens to water when it freezes?


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The three parts of the human small intestine is the duodenum, jejunum, and what?


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What is the term for the ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on any object placed in it?


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A fuel cell is a galvanic cell that requires a constant external supply of what?


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Lichens are not a single organism, but rather an example of a what?


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What theory states that there is no interaction between individual gas particles?


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Which is one of the most frequently studied cartilaginous fish?


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A vapor light produces visible light by what process?


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What substance, which forms igneous rock, flows out in rivers of lava when it reaches the surface?


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What do mammals have under the skin to help insulate the body?


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Certain air pollutants form which liquid when dissolved in water droplets in the air?


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What element is the most abundant in the universe?


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Atoms of a given _______ are identical in size, mass, and other properties.


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Spongy bone is found inside bones and is lighter and less dense than compact bone because it is what?


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Animals are heterotrophs, which means that they cannot make their own what?


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What is the electron domain geometry of ammonia?


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In humans, fertilization occurs soon after the oocyte leaves this?


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Oxygen, carbon dioxide, atp, and nadph are reactants in what process that plants use to produce food?


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What is the basic unit of the structure and function of living things?


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The earth's gravitational force causes the moon to do what?


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When a nerve impulse reaches the end of an axon, what are the chemicals released by the axon called?


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What do ecosystems absorb on the earth?


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Under what type of conditions can populations grow exponentially?


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Malonate plays what negative role on the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase?


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How many mass extinctions have occurred throughout earth's history?


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What refers to the ability to change or move matter and is required by all life processes and living things?


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In the grand canyon, the same rock layers are visible on opposite sides of the canyon and were deposited simultaneously, which is an example of what?


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What do we call the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum?


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What type of crust is made of basalt lavas that flow onto the seafloor?


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Do changes to rocks happen quickly or slowly?


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What is a large molecule with many repeating units?


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What absorbs, scatters, or reflects most incoming solar radiation in the atmosphere?


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Small nonprotein, water-soluble molecules or ions called second messengers often play a role in what kind of pathways?


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How do many mammals control their body temperature?


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The invention of the wheel is an example of what, which has the goal of solving human problems?


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Prokaryotes can reproduce quickly by what?


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What is defined by its sequence of nucleotides?


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What in roundworms is a partial body cavity filled with fluid?


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Which body system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients?


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What disease is unpreventable in the type one form but may be prevented by diet if it is of the second type?


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What do you call a chemical process used to treat water by destroying a contaminant?


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What occurs when excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causes the oceans to become acidic?


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What kind of muscle is the heart mainly composed of?


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Assume a molecule must cross the plasma membrane into what?


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What branch of science explains much of what you observe and do in your daily life?


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Most of the energy used by living things comes either directly or indirectly from where?


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When present in large volumes, what color hue can water emit?


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What prevents new ovarian follicles from developing and suppresses uterine contractility?


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What type of bombs put a much larger fraction of their output into thermal energy than do conventional bombs?


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The majority of elements, including iron and copper, are of what type?


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What happens to water vapor as it rises?


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Prophase is preceded by a preprophase stage in what type of cells?


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The bilaterians are divided into deuterostomes and what else?


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What is it called when birds keep their eggs warm while the embryos inside develop?


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What leaves behind crescent-shaped scars on a hillside and  may be caused by a layer of slippery, wet clay underneath the rock and soil on a hillside?


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What is the organ system that brings oxygen into the body and releases carbon dioxide?


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What is the union of the cytoplasms of two parent mycelia known as?


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How many chambers are there in a bird's heart?


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The ladybug and the frog both start as eggs and go through what process?


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What formula  shows only the kinds and numbers of atoms in a molecule?


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In multicellular organisms, essential biological functions are carried out by what?


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Fahrenheit, celsius, and kelvin are all units which measure what?


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Many plants respond to the days growing shorter in the fall by doing what?


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What are the smallest particles of matter?


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How do animals obtain nitrogen?


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Hydrophilic molecules generally avoid what other kinds of molecules?


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Where do t cells mature?


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The name of a simple covalent compound can be determined from its chemical this?


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Asteroids are not geologically active. which is the only way they can change?


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What term describes reproducing by external fertilization after the female sheds large numbers of small eggs?


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Solid carbon dioxide is called what?


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While ecosystems need a constant input of energy for their organisms, what do ecosystems recycle?


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Most mercury compounds decompose when they are?


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Animal behavior can be said to be controlled by genetics and experiences, also known as nature and what?


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The first two electrons in lithium fill the 1s orbital and have the same sets of four what as the two electrons in helium?


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What allows some things to enter the cell while keeping other things out?


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What is the term for something changing from water to ice?


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What is an individual with more than the correct number of chromosome sets called?


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Most of the fresh water on earth is tied up in a solid form. what are they called?


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What takes place where septa is found?


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Hertz proved that what type of waves travel at the speed of light?


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Specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells determine what, which is important in cases of transfusion?


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Where do extrusive igneous rocks cool at?


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What is citrate an ionized form of?


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What functions in removing phosphorylated amino acids from proteins?


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The hypothalamus in vertebrates integrates what two systems?


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What type of biomes have water containing little or no salt?


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Electricity consists of a constant stream of what tiny particles?


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What is a solution with a ph lower than 7 called?


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Which division of the peripheral nervous system interprets signals, while the motor division sends signals?


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What record provides evidence that new species develop to fill the habitats where old species lived following a mass extinction?


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What is the process of filtering waste from the kidneys?


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The energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom is called?


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The four basic types of tissue are epithelial, muscle, connective, and what?


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What theory states that all matter consists of constantly moving particles?


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Carnivores that eat herbivores are what kind of consumers?


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Plant-like protists contains chloroplasts and make food by what process?


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What is written as systolic over diastolic?


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When a species changes in small ways over time, what is it called?


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What is the purpose of a bird using flashy displays?


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What do you call the ancient cores of continents, where the earliest continental crust is now found?


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In the case of the moose, predation is an additional factor that regulates what?


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Where do short period comets come from?


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Only after implantation can an embryo develop into a what?


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What are atoms with unstable nuclei are considered to be?


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In what form is atmospheric sulfur found?