History of Inauguration Day

I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.

Presidential Oath of Office

Why It Matters: Every four years on January 20, the president-elect recites the oath of office in accordance with Article II, Section I of the U.S. Constitution. The public ritual demonstrates America’s commitment to democracy and signifies a peaceful transfer of power, but where did it all begin?

History of Inauguration Day: On September 12, 1788, Congress voted to approve the following resolution: “… the first Wednesday in March next be the time and the present seat of Congress the place for commencing proceedings under the said constitution.” Meaning, the first Inauguration Day for George Washington was set to take place on the first Wednesday in March in the new year. On March 4, 1789, Congress tried to meet for the first time — but delays, snow and cold weather made it hard for people to travel to New York City. Without enough members present, they couldn’t count the electoral votes and officially declare a winner. On April 30, 1789, enough members of Congress were finally able to attend to count the votes. George Washington won the presidency — unanimously! The inauguration ceremony was held at Federal Hall in New York City, the first capital of the new nation.

In 1809, the Washington Dancing Assembly hosted the first inaugural ball to honor President James Madison and his wife, Dolley. The ball attracted 400 guests and set a lasting tradition that brings together dignitaries, political leaders and citizens to honor the occasion. In 1909, Harper’s Weekly wrote, “Probably no feature of the inaugural ceremonies at Washington is of such interest to visitors as the inaugural ball.” 

Fast forward to January 23, 1933, Amendment Twenty to the Constitution was ratified, changing the term dates for the president and vice president from March 4 to January 20. As each new president takes the oath of office, we not only mark the beginning of their term but also reaffirm our commitment to the values that define America. It’s a day to reflect on the past, look toward the future and honor the principles that unify the nation.

Read More: Inauguration of the president of the United States (USAGov)

Inaugural Balls (The White House Historical Association)

The Origins of the March 4 Inauguration (The White House Historical Association)

President George Washington’s First Inaugural Speech (1789) (National Archives)

Image Credit: Library of Congress