## INDEX

A

abductions see hostages

Abdullah II, King of Jordan 244

Abizaid, General John 326

Afghanistan 184

Ahlul Thimma 66, 68

Ahmadinejad, President Mahmoud 1

Akhmas 136

Al Saud, Crown Prince Abdullah bin Abd al-Aziz 319, 339

Al Sohl, Prime Minister Rashid 87

Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade 275, 312, 374

al-Tawhid movement 28

Ali, Imam 75

Amal 2–3, 4, 5, 25, 30, 125, 342

decline of 9

and formation from Lebanese Resistance Cohorts 222, 223

and Hezbollah see Hezbollah

Amin, Sayyed Ibrahim al- 126, 129

Annan, Kofi 236, 256, 304, 343, 362, 363, 383–4, 386–7, 391

Aoun, acting Prime Minister and President General Michel 10, 342, 370, 376, 377, 379, 402

April Understanding 145, 149, 151–3, 202–3, 216–17, 220, 229, 260, 329, 333

Arad, Lt.Colonel Ron 96–7, 299, 307

Arafat, Yasser 30, 49, 147, 190, 204, 248–9

Argov, Shlomo 251

Armistice Agreement (1949) 375

Armitage, Deputy Secretary of State Richard 287–8

Ashoura commemoration 52

Assad, President Bashar al- 284–5, 308, 321, 323, 332, 339

Assad, President Hafez al- 30, 34, 73, 93, 185, 190, 194, 204, 205, 213, 226, 227, 234, 235, 248, 321

Ayyash, Yahya 241

B

Baker, Secretary of State James 97

Baqer, Sayyed Mohammed 118–20

Barak, Prime Minister Ehud 151, 195, 196, 208, 214, 217, 218, 220, 232, 235, 251

Begin, Prime Minister Menachem 251, 354

Ben-Eliezer, Benyamin 262, 275

Berri, Nabih 5, 9, 30, 83, 88, 366, 370, 373, 375–6, 409

Blair, Prime Minister Anthony (Tony) 375

Blue Line 9, 250, 304, 339, 384, 388

BMENA 310

Bosnian Muslims 92–3

Boueiz, Fares 112

Broader Middle East and North Africa initiative see BMENA

Bush, President George W. 99, 256, 257, 265, 285, 286, 295, 296–7, 325, 341, 363, 375, 382

C

Camp David Accords (1978) 354

Camp David Summit (2003) 246, 247–8

cartoons, depicting Prophet Mohammed 371

Central Coordination Committee 36, 39

Chalabi, Ahmad 285

Chirac, President Jacques 280, 319, 325

Christians

as agents of Israel 67

and cooperation with Muslims 103, 333

in Iran 68

Lebanese 227

participation in government 75–6

Christopher, Secretary of State Warren 145, 168

CIA 56, 310, 312

Clinton, President William (Bill) 145–6, 163, 213, 244

Communist Party (LCP) 3, 28, 29

Consultative Center for Studies and Documentation 15–16

D

Damascus Agreement 6, 35, 37–8, 41, 42, 46, 47, 49, 104

Declaration of Principles see Oslo Accords

detainees see hostages

Dirani, Abou Ali al- 240

E

Eastern Catholic Maronites see Maronites

Egypt 226

F

Fadlallah, Sayyed Mohammed Hussein 4, 40, 117, 124, 136–7

Falashas (African Jews) 217, 242

FBI 292

Fisk, Robert 204

Fniesh, Mohammed 335–6

Francophone Summit 280

Frangieh, President Sulieman 252

Free Patriotic Movement 371, 374, 376–7, 379, 402, 409, 410

Future Movement 328, 346, see also Hariri

G

Gaddafi, Colonel Muammar al- 307–8

Gaza-Jericho agreement 171–2

Gazit, General Shlomo 105

Geagea, Samir 30, 342, 371

Gemayel, President Amine 97, 205

Gemayel, President Bashir 204, 205

Grapes of Wrath campaign 144, 146, 272

Greater Middle East Initiative see BMENA

Guantánamo Bay, US military prison, Cuba 350

H

Hakim, Grand Ayatollah Sayyed Mohammed Baqer -al 133, 297, 311, 312

Hamas 10, 147, 184, 225, 275, 312

Harakat al-Muhrumin (Movement of the Deprived) see Amal

Harb, Sheikh Ragheb 40, 60, 131, 173, 234, 301

Harb Tammuz war (2006) 1

Hariri, Prime Minister Rafik al- 9, 12–13, 34, 113, 134, 225, 238, 283, 319, 322, 328, 331, 333, 335, 342, 343, 346, 352–3, 355, 358, 361, 362, 364, 376, 411

Hariri, Sheikh Saadeddin (Saad) al- 335, 342, 346, 370–71, 376

Hebron Protocol (1997) 190

Hersh, Seymour 389

Hezbollah

and Afghanistan 184

and alleged electoral malpractice 86–7

and Amal 6, 10, 26, 27, 34, 36, 43–5, 62, 70, 83, 88, 131, 221–3, 345, 376–7

doctrinal allegiance to Khomeini 23, 27, 267–77

and Egypt 226

founding of 125–30

funding 135, 229–30, 288, 406–7

and Hamas 10

and Iran 69, 91–2, 132–6, 183–4, 219, 223–5, 407

and Islamic Republic for Lebanon 89–91

and jihadi ideology 57, 83, 135, 147, 157, 190, 231, 399

and Judaism 186, 187–93, 278

Lebanonization of 159–61, 267

military activity by 6, 7–8, 9, 11–12, 43, 69

MPs elected 85, 183, 335, 345

and Palestinian Islamic Jihad 10

and parliamentary democracy 77–81, 84–8

and Pax Syriana 10, 11

political manifesto 5, 129

political status of 9, 10, 12, 13, 182–3, 304–5

recruitment and training 128–9

seen as terrorists by USA 257–9

and Syria 140–41, 165–6, 223–4, 226–7, 228

television propaganda 9, 291

view on Maronite influence 49

and Washington negotiations 93–5

see also Free Patriotic Movement; intifada; Islamic Resistance; mujahidin; Nasrallah

“hidden Imam” 4–5

Hobeika, Elie 30

Hoss, President Salim al- 234

hostages 66, 71, 72–3, 139–40, 244

Hussein, Imam al- 122

Hussein, Saddam 224, 294, 313

Husseini, President Hussein al- 77, 78–9

I

IDF 145, 179, 180, 232

IDF soldiers kidnap 11

Imam of the Dispossesed see Khomeini

Interim Agreement (1995) 190

intifada 95, 205, 242, 244–55, 261, 265, 271, 273, 312, 316, 319, 396

Iran

aid to South Lebanon 113, 114–15

influence without own borders 110–111, 132–6

Jewish population 186

Mujahidin Khalq 225

as opposing Israeli aggression 111

relationships with Lebanon and Syria 109, 166, 183–4

Revolution (1979) 5

Revolutionary Guards 26, 126

Savak 269

Shah of see Pahlavi

see also Hezbollah; Khameini; Khomeini

Islamic Jihad 147, 184, 225, 275, 312, 374

Islamic Republic see Iran

Islamic Resistance 1, 10, 11, 62–3, 70, 104, 107–9, 171, 173, 185, 201, 222, 223, 230, 239, 243, 307, 348

Israel 24, 33, 40, 42, 53–4, 58–60, 67, 93, 100

Falashas 217, 242

Grapes of Wrath campaign 144, 146

Iron Fist policy 276

Mossad (Israeli Intelligence) 207, 310, 312, 374

Revolving Door policy 276

seen as illegal 206

Israel-Syrian Understanding (1993) 144, 153–5

Israeli Defense Force see IDF

Israeli Intelligence see Israel, Mossad

J

John Paul II, Pope 295

Judaism, as seen by Hezbollah and Nasrallah 186, 187–93

July Understanding 152

Jumblatt, Walid 30, 342, 371, 387

Jurisdiction of the Jurist-Theologian see wilayat al-faqih

K

Kanaan, Ghazi 48, 342

Karami, Prime Minister Omar 319–20

Karbala, Battle of 52

Karim, Sheikh Ali 118, 121

Kassir, Ahmad 234

Kataeb see Phalange

Katsav, President Moshe 395

Khameini, Ayatollah Sayyed Ali Husseini al- 54, 70, 74, 134, 190, 234, 235, 308

Kharazi, Kamal 279

Khatami, President Mohammed 188

Khateeb, Sami al- 87

Khatoun, Sheikh Mohammad 121

Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah al-Musavi al- 4, 5, 9, 23, 26, 34, 50, 54, 63, 70, 92, 96, 109, 133, 134, 173, 234, 267–77, 352, 353

kidnapping see hostages

L

Lahd, Major General Antoine 66, 97, 101, 106, 152, 192, 196, 197, 199, 215, 236, 238

Lahoud, President Emile 234, 264, 282, 283, 290, 308, 319, 330, 342, 370, 409

Larsen, Terj 236, 343, 352, 356, 357, 358, 359–61, 379

Lebanese Brigade for Resisting Occupation 169

Lebanese Forces party see LF

Lebanese national debt 264

Lebanese Resistance Cohorts see Amal

Lebanon, as divided by Taif Agreement 343

Lebanon First proposal 180

Lebanon-Israel, possible collusion between 103

LF 31, 41, 65, 66

Lipkin-Shahak, Amnon 151, 153

Livni, Tzipi 385

Lubrani, Uri 41, 201, 208

M

Madrid Agreement 195

Makiya, Kanan 285

Mansour, Albert 85

Maronites 31, 49, 89–90, 244, 251, 321, 370, see also Sfeir, Cardinal

martyrs, see Nasrallah

Mehlis, Detlev 352

Mehlis Report 361, 362, 363, 364, 365–7

Mikati, President Najib 359

Mofaz, General Shaul 200, 202, 217, 219, 251, 275, 326

Mohajerani, Ayatollah 188

Mohtashemi, Hojatolislam Ali Akbar 37

Mordechai, Yitzhak 179

Mossad see Israel

Movement of the Deprived see Amal

Mualim, Walid 194–5

Mubarak, President Hosni 214, 226, 244, 248–9

Mujahidin Khalq see Iran

mujahidin 24–5, 41, 58, 94, 95, 149, 150, 170, 171, 173, 189, 201–2, 203, 204, 206, 230, 231, 238–9, 259, 269, 271, 275, 276, 283, 303, 307, 336

Muslim Brotherhood 226

Mussawi, Hussein 5, 7

Mussawi, Sayyed Abbas 3, 4, 51–5, 56–60, 65, 73, 82, 105, 119–24, 126, 131, 173, 234, 263, 300

N

Nader, Bishop Khalil Abi 65

Nasrallah, Hadi see Nasrallah, Sayyed Hassan

Nasrallah, Sayyed Hassan 7

as against partition of Islamic states 33

appointed head of Amal 2–3

and Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini 4, 23, 131, 267–77, 353

and Communist Party 28, 29

early life and Islamic study 2, 116–25

and God’s rule through Islamic law 32–3

Hadi, (son) death of 8, 169, 170, 172, 173, 262

and Hezbollah-Amal conflict 6

and inter-faith alliances 286

and Iraq 282, 283, 285, 291, 294

and Islamic principles in policies 7, 8

and Israel 24, 33, 40, 42, 58, 100, 110–112, 206, 213

joins Amal 117–18, 125

joins Hezbollah 5, 125–6

and Judaism 186, 187–93, 278

later Islamic studies 3, 4, 7, 130–31

leadership of Hezbollah 1, 7–8, 13, 23, 56, 131, 132

and martyrs 53, 157, 169, 172, 173, 174, 233–4, 272, 300–301, 337, 368–9, 388

membership of Hezbollah Central Command 130

membership of Shura Council 5

as military commander 34, 289

in National Assembly 137–9

and Palestine 284, 290

and sharia (Islamic Law) 32

and support for Syria 285

victory speech (2000) 10

see also Hezbollah

National Islamic Front (Sudan) 184

National Resistance Front see Islamic Resistance

Netanyahu, Premier Benjamin 179, 180, 182, 190, 196, 207, 208–9

Niser, Nassim 305, 327

O

Obeid, Sheikh Abdelkarem 240, 299

Olmert, Premier Ehud 385, 395

Operation Accountability 100, 115, 148

Operation Defensive Shield 272, 275, 354

Oslo Accords 100–101, 163, 169, 174, 195, 248, 403

P

Pahlavi, Shah Muhammed Reza 268, 269–71, 274

Palestine Liberation Organization see PLO

Palestine National Authority 147

Palestinian Islamic Jihad 10

Paper of Common Understanding Between Hezbollah and the Free Patriotic Movement 371

Pax Syriana 10, 11

Peres, Prime Minister Shimon 145, 148, 149, 161–2, 164, 165

Peretz, Amir 385

Phalange 31, 41, 65, 66

PLO 4, 25, 30

Powell, Secretary of State Colin 289, 293

Q

Qassam, Izzeddin al- 241, 368

Qassem, Sheikh Naim al- 61, 131, 279

Qintar, Samir 240, 299, 300, 305, 327

Quadripartite Committee of leaders 38, 48, 70, 342

R

Rabin, Prime Minister Yitzhak 63, 101–2, 105, 107, 112

Rafeh network 390

Rafik Hariri Martyr List 335

Rafsanjani, Hashemi 34

Ramon, Haim 395

refugee camps 30

Resistance see Islamic resistance

Resistance and Development List 335

Revolution of the Famished 263

Rice, Secretary of State Condoleezza 260, 325, 363, 391, 402

Roed-Larsen see Larsen

Ross, Dennis 144, 228, 232

S

Sadat, President Anwar 354

Sadr, Imam Musa al- 2, 4, 25, 26, 124, 234, 307, 308, 345

Sadr, Sayyed Mohammed Baqr al- 3, 4, 118, 122, 125, 273

SALSA 285

Sayyed, Hani Fahs al- 404

September 11 attacks in USA 256, 286, 291–2

Seven Day War 101, 103, 111, 112, 142

Sfeir, Cardinal Mar Nasrallah Boutros 251–2, 260

Shah of Iran see Pahlavi

Shahak see Lipkin-Shahak

Shalom, Silvan 326, 338

Shamseddin, Sheikh Ali 3, 117

Shamseddin, Ayatollah Sheikh Mohammad Mahdi 124

Sharaa, Farouk al- 185, 220

sharia (Islamic law) 32

Sharm al-Sheikh conference (1996) 144, 147, 148, 162, 164, 235

Sharon, Prime Minister Ariel 217, 245, 248, 265, 278, 279, 280, 283, 314, 326, 338, 340–41, 354

Shebaa Farms 9, 11, 232, 240, 244, 245, 256, 261, 279, 329, 347, 358, 360–61, 370, 372, 374, 383, 387, 388, 389

Shihine Operation 106, 108, 109

Shiqaqi, Fathi al- 241, 368

Siniora, Prime Minister Fouad 10, 12, 335, 359, 409

Sistani, Ayatollah Ali 4, 297

Skaf, Yahya 305, 306, 327

SLA 144, 152, 179, 232

Sneh, Ephraim 216

Sobelmen, Daniel 179

Sudan 184

Summit of Peacemakers see Sharm al-Sheikh

Support of Lebanese in Detention and Exile (SOLIDE) 372

Syria Accountability and Lebanese Sovereignty Act (SALSA) 285

Syrian Social Nationalist Party 3

Syrian-Israeli Understanding (1993) 144, 153–5

T

Taif Accord (Agreement) 6, 31, 63–4, 74, 79, 98, 218, 320, 322, 324, 332, 336, 343, 344, 346, 408, 410

Tannenbaum, Colonel Elhanan 244, 299

Taqiyya 230

Tehran-Damascus Agreement 34

thimmiya 66, 68

Tripartite Agreement (1985) 30, 31, 253

Tufeili, Sheikh Subhi 5, 6–7, 51, 57, 65, 263

U

UN Security Council

Resolution 194 (1948) 356

Resolution 242 (1967) 356

Resolution 338 (1973) 356

Resolution 425 (1978) 68–9, 179, 180, 181–2, 191, 192, 232, 235, 338–9, 356

Resolution 1559 (2004) 319, 320, 322, 324, 325, 328, 330, 332, 335, 338, 339, 345, 346, 352, 355, 356, 357, 360

Resolution 1701 (2006) 378, 381, 382, 383, 388, 393

Understanding, Israel-Syria (1993) 144, 153–5

UNIFIL 358, 378, 380, 383–4, 386

USA

and proposals to Hezbollah 256–9

September 11 attacks 256

as supporter of Israel 53–4, 145–6, 147, 188–9, 329

view of Hezbollah as terrorist group 257–9

W

wali al-faqih 2

War of the Camps 30

West Beirut 29

wilayat al-faqih 2, 4, 26, 84, 133, 135, 267

Wilayati, Dr. Akbar 35, 135

Wye River Accords 188

Y

Yahya, Sheikh Ahmad 234

Yassin, Fatima (wife of Nasrallah) 143

Yassin, Sheikh Hassan 121, 143

Yazbek, Sheikh Mohammed 126

Z

Zakat 135, 230, 269